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Immunohistological Laboratory
   
Katalin Köves, MD, PhD
    Professor

We have been studying the distribution and the role of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) and the secretin in the central nervous system.

We have described that PACAP has a wide distribution in the central and peripheral nervous system and in endocrine glands as well. PACAP has a multifunctional role. We have studied its role in the gonadotropic hormone secretion. PACAP was mainly inhibitory at hypothalamic and pituitary levels as well. 1) It was shown that PACAP administered intracerebroventricularly before the critical period of the proestrous stage could prevent the ovulation. 2) In the pituitary gland the expression and release of PACAP was highest at the end of the preovulatory LH surge implying its role to ceasing the LH surge.

We have described that there is a direct connection between several limbic structures and retina. A part of neurons, which send their axons to the retina, contains PACAP. We have also found neurons in the hypothalamus which axons project to the retina. These pathways were named limboretinal- and hypothalamo-retinal ones. The fibers of these pathways seem to be terminated on the retinal amacrin cells and it was supposed that through these cells the limbic and hypothalamic structures may modulate the response of ganglion cells to light impulses.

About ten years ago it was supposed that secretin could improve the autistic phenomenon in children with gastrointestinal syndrome. This observation led us to map the occurrence of secretin in the central nervous system. It was found that secretin is present in the cerebellar Purkinje cells, in some neurons of the cerecellar nuclei, in the hippocampus, in the large pyramidal cells of the motor cortex and in sensory ganglia. In autism one of the most consequent disturbances in the central nervous system is the Purkinje cell loss. Among other disturbances the level of secretin may be lower than in healthy persons which may explain its beneficial effect in a part of autistic persons. 		   
   
        
   
   
KEYWORD(S): hypothalamo-hypophysial-gonad axis, immunohistochemistry, tracing techniques, in situ hybridization, rat, 
   
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  Immunohistological Laboratory  Experimental and clinical oncology  Internal medicine and pediatrics  Molecular biology, microbiology  Sleep Medicine Unit  Medicine of sensory organs  Physiology, pathophysiology  Heart Center  www  Behavioural sciences   
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Behavioural sciences

  

Biochemistry, cell biology, biophysics

  

Dental sciences

  

Experimental and clinical immunology and genetics

  

Experimental and clinical oncology

  

Internal medicine and pediatrics

  

Medicine of sensory organs

  

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Molecular biology, microbiology

  

Morphological sciences (anatomy, pathology, forensic medicine)

  

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